Martin Luther unintentonally served as a catalyst to start a new religion.
http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REFORM/LUTHER.HTM
http://www.reformation.org/luther.html
Henry the Eighth wanted to divorce his wife so he could marry Anne Boleyn. The Church said no. So Henry started his own church, divorced his wife and married Anne (who was later beheaded).
http://www.churchofengland.org/about-us/history.aspx
http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/361/361-09.htm
http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/HenryVIII.aspx
The Spanish clergy believed that conversion to christianity through torture was justified as conversion meant eternal bliss for the converts.
http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/westeurope/spaninqui.html
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Inquisition.html
http://www.conservapedia.com/Spanish_Inquisition
http://www.catholicleague.org/research/blacklegend.htm
How did King Henry the 8th's new religion differ from the Catholic church?
How did the new Lutheran religion differ from the Catholic church?
Why were Jews persecuted during this time?