This link provides information on the geography and climate for all 50 states. You can can click on the state you are researching and it will provide information on the geography, climate, and weather of that state. It is a very neat link.
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The geography of the land and water have a great effect the type of weather and climate in an area. A good place to start learning more about how the geography of the land effects the weather and climate go to http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0077-land-and-water-effect-temperature.php at KidsGeo.com.